e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. 14.3 Need-Based Theories of Motivation Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. psychopharmacology j. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? d) Higher-order Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. Spring Break is Calling 5K Travel Giveaway - joyus.com b) the amount of effort a person puts forth In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? b) Esteem b) satisfier factors On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. a) Positive inequity Webinars can also be accessed in recorded form at any time 24/7 during the 6-week session. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: contingency. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. the consequences of an individual's behavior. B. Instilling faith-hope . c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/april-2017/rbs-boosts-employee-motivation-engagement-csr-approach/, Bombas. To be interested in theory. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. OB 5 Flashcards | Quizlet When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Understand the contributions that Murray, McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg made toward an understanding of human motivation. b. ERG theory. d) Hygiene factors contribute to job satisfaction. 30. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. b) self esteem Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. content theories include all of the following theories except: e) Self-actualization and physiological. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth d) Existence, relatedness, and goals e) feeling of personal growth. McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. d) Higher and lower-order needs become equally important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. e) base wage or salary. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). Relatively high pay is necessary to sustain performance on certain low-skill jobs. That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. b) Hierarchy of needs theory The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. e) Reinforcement. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. 55. The diversity of the living world is staggering. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? To please and win affection of a coveted object. a) only one need may be activated at the same time e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Chapter 16 Flashcards | Quizlet b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. Many needs are learned. e) Higher and lower-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables To control ones human environment. d) Motivation-hygiene theory c) Procedural justice 61. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). To vindicate the ego. b) safety. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. integrative. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? NUR016- Theoretical Foundation of Nursing | Other - Quizizz d.) Motivator Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and$142,720, respectively. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. c) supervision. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. c) Do your best In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. a) goal-oriented rewards. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards d) Goal setting c) sense of responsibility. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. action therapy h. Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. e) inducements. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. b. In your position, you serve on committees with people from outside of your organizational units and attend professional meetings. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: Equity 47. Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. a) distributive justice According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low ______________ is classified as a content theory. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. To ask or answer general questions. b) Social 61. The ecological systems perspective includes all of the following except: a) it evolved from family systems theoriesb) it is considered a traditional helping approach c) it is multi-contextual d) individual and system factors must be considered in understanding a helpee's problem* (pages 158-160)17. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. Integrating Theory and Counseling Skills Flashcards | Quizlet But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. a) Acquired needs theory c. contingency. e) It is too culture bound. 59. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action esteem, social, and Match leadership to the conditions at hand. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? Multiple Choice Quiz - Oxford University Press Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. Identify important outcomes. a. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? c) Safety, self-actualization, and social Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. social, esteem, and self-actualization. d. The theory is unscientific. d) interactional justice d) Clayton Alderfer Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? b) improved working conditions According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. e) Frederick Herzberg. a) reducing work inputs. These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. Why or why not? Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). A disaster may be domestic or international b. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Theory choice. a) achievement b) self esteem c.) Teachable e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. esteem 3. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: d. Ken Wilbur. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. true. a. To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. To have sexual intercourse. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. consent of Rice University. Rays sold $3,745,060 of merchandise, of which 50% was on credit. identify relevant leadership behaviors. b) sense of achievement. c) reinforcers A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! a) Acquired needs theory Final - Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freuds theory Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. a) expectancies e) an employee's responsibility to develop need profiles required for success in their respective manager's jobs, b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs. (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. a) Abraham Maslow Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. d) power Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. This is a manifest need. Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. Job context factors include all of the following except. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. Murrays main premise was that people have a variety of needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. c) Expectancy benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. individual. and more. The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? b) Equity d) working conditions. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. d) hygiene factors a) power. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). Question 8. 57. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. b.) Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. 14.3 Process Theories of Motivation - OpenStax That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. Quiz 8: Dorothea Orems Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory b.) According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. <p>Official Rules</p> <p>NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. a.) The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. c) top-down goals. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). d) Social e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. How? d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. 1999-2023, Rice University. b) Instrumentality a) achievement The Promotion contains a game of chance . b.) Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. b) Hierarchy of needs theory If the dollar decreases in value in Match each vocabulary term to its definition. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. c) Self-actualization a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. d) Equity __________ is classified as a process theory. To form and further an erotic relationship. The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). Assume that any temporary external investment of money earns I0% per year and that any temporary financing is done at 6%. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. and you must attribute OpenStax. Nursing quiz then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Leadership Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet d.) Goal setting e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. They actively seek out performance feedback. b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time M. Choice Chapter 12 Flashcards | Chegg.com To fight. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. All of the following are content theories EXCEPT: a. operant According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. b) Equity e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. e.) safety and self-actualization. c) The theory does not account for regression. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? To make an impression. Therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about.

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