Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? - AnswersAll The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. His spies and informers were everywhere. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. Castles of . People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. 1) The number of books on Henry VII can basically be counted on one hand 2) This is Penns first book. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. His younger brother, Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke, undertook to protect Edmund's widow Margaret, who was 13 years old when she gave birth to Henry. It seems that Henry was skilful at extracting money from his subjects on many pretexts, including that of war with France or war with Scotland. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. Early life Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. He created the Tudor dynasty. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Backdating Henry's Reign. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. ), The Reign of Henry VII. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Penn pointed out that for over half a century no king had passed on the crown without turmoil and Henry knew that what had happened to Richard could happen to him. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Consultant editor for the. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. His spies and informers were everywhere. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. All the information is from Thomas Penn. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. 4. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign ||sitemap_index.xml He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". What old December's bareness every where! Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. Henry was a remarkable man. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. An easy read? It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. [citation needed] Henry VIII was spring and Henry VII was winter. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . But, his enemies didnt agree. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Wolf Hall this is not. Poor Henry VII. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him.

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