shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland
[16] There is about 281 miles between Scotland and Ireland. E: [emailprotected], 2023 Northern Ireland Screen. In 1953, the channel was the scene of a serious maritime disaster, the sinking of the ferry Princess Victoria. Other routes from north, south and west London would follow, he says. Typically 21 bus and ferries run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. This air travel distance is equal to 148 miles. Ireland and Britain are just 12 miles apart at the Irish Sea's narrowest point, but waters run deep here -- in every sense. A tunnel or bridge between Britain and Ireland has been discussed for decades. Take in the Gothic architecture of Glasgow Cathedral, pick up some classics at the Glasgow Vintage & Flea Market, feel all the festival vibes at Celtic Connections (one of the worlds leading Celtic music festivals), shop on Buchanan Street, sample some of Scotlands finest whisky and haggis, and support the home team at a Glasgow Rangers football game. But environmentalists say this would damage wading bird populations. What is the closest point between England and Ireland? According to the ILDSA, this was first accomplished in 1947 by Tom Blower. The national COVID-19 helpline number in Scotland is 111. 12 miles If you look at a map of the British Isles, you will see that Ireland and Scotland are only a short distance apart, as little as 12 miles at one point. First, the location that most supports transport demand, and how well served that location is by rail and road links. As the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland share a border and the United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland, then the distance is 0 miles. [14], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}550327N 53719W / 55.05750N 5.62194W / 55.05750; -5.62194. Ireland, This is equivalent to 452 kilometers or 244 nautical miles. ', 'Should I book online before I travel? What is the closest point between England and Ireland? "The last time the government did this form of consultation was for the tunnel at Stonehenge. The University of Glasgow (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Ghlaschu, Latin: Universitas Glasguensis) (abbreviated as Glas. Three-quarters of Irish firms surveyed at the time said that a fixed link with Europe was vital. The Iri The shortest route 16 km (10 mi) coast to coast is that between Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula (about 220 km (140 Why? Also the benefits would be much greater in Ireland, which would gain a through-route to continental Europe, than in Britain, which would only gain a route to Ireland. 3rd Floor Alfred House With the Channel Tunnel historically struggling to make money on a much bigger catchment area - the UK and continental Europe - many will doubt whether there is really the business case for the tunnel. Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration Those who currently cross between Northern Ireland and Scotland by ferry can testify to the need for improved road Its the wee stretch of water between the Mull of Kintyre and the North Antrim coast, just 12 miles - but its 12 miles of some of the most treache Which doesnt sound like much (On a clear day you can just about make out buildings and cars on the Answer (1 of 5): Its about 12 miles from the tip of the Mull of Kintyre to Torr head in NI. Of the three potential routes considered by the duo, the Portpatrick (near Stranraer) in Scotland to Bangor or Larne (near Belfast) in Northern Ireland route would be the The border. Copyright 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Peterborough Police Incident Today, shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland, Chicago Electric 90 Amp Flux Wire Welder Replacement Parts. While Cornish and Welsh are very different. Stena Line runs a route between Stranraer in Scotland and What is the shortest distance from US to Ireland? Call us Toll Free: 1-866-486-8772. The shortest crossing would be across the very northern channel, directly between the north-east corner of Northern Ireland and the south west What is the shortest distance between Ireland and Scotland? The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Germany and United Kingdom is 1,036 km= 644 miles. Northern Ireland to Scotland - 7 ways to travel via train - Rome2rio Nuclear power would be cheaper, he argued. Cycling is booming in London. 21 Alfred Street The second would be the shortest distance across the sea. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Campbeltown to County Antrim route is only 12 miles but the town is in an isolated part of Scotland that would need transport links to be cut through mountainous terrain. Find all the transport options for your trip from Northern Ireland to Scotland right here. The Irish Long Distance Swimming Association (ILDSA) has provided authentication observers for swimmers attempting to cross the approximately 35-kilometre (22mi) span between Northern Ireland and the Mull of Galloway. At its shortest, the distance between Scotland and Northern Ireland is 12 miles (Photo: Getty) By Karl McDonald Deputy national editor January 22, 2018. Please report any errors or omissions and we will update the data to reflect. Second, the shortest distance across the sea. Lasting only 38 minutes, the Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896 is generally considered to be the shortest war in history. The North Channel was a favourite haunt of privateers preying on British merchant shipping in wars until the 19th century; in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, it was also the site of a naval duel between American captain John Paul Jones's USS Ranger and the Royal Navy's HMS Drake. READ: How do I know if my house is good for solar? But not everyone is convinced. Here's how we'll cope. Travelling from London to Derby, at about the same distance, takes half that time and there is no need to change. Crow flies between United Kingdom to Ireland the British Isles and continental Europe one of the UK the 613 kilometers views with others updates and road links England by He suggested two routes: a 12 Established in the 19th Century and utilised as a naval port for anti-submarine As the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland share a border and the United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland, then the distance is 0 miles. The second would be the shortest distance across the sea. Picture: Wikicommons The North Channel is something like 32,000 metres coast-to The shortest route 16 km (10 mi) coast to coast is that between Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula (about 220 km (140 mi) from Glasgow via minor roads) and Ballycastle, County Antrim (about 90 km (56 mi) from Belfast). DiscoverNet | The Coastal Views Along The Causeway Coast Are A Must-See In Northern Ireland the closest High Water Mark point to Scotland. How to Travel Between Ireland & Scotland | USA Today In the 1800s, this strait was sometimes referred to in general terms as the "Irish Channel". 12 Miles: The Narrow Sea tonight on BBC One NI - Northern Ireland Screen Two of the proposed routes for a fixed crossing between Scotland and Northern Ireland. At the closest point Scotland and the North Antrim Coast are just twelve miles apart, and the migration of people between the two countries has been going on for centuries. shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland What is the shortest distance between Ireland and Scotland? Your trip begins in Ireland. Although submarines would need to watch out.. And Ireland isn't even attached to Britian. Shortest. For a better experience using websites, please upgrade to a modern web browser. Is Texas and South Carolina? With tounge in cheek, Celtic FCs homeground, Parkhead. Motorists would cross the Thames without needing to get snarled up in Dartford, he argues. The southern route, which would be closer to Belfast and Scotlands Central Belt is more practical, given the existing road infrastructure on both sides. Holyhead to Dublin is Proposal. There are rough seas, Dunlop admits, but then he cites the example of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, a 34-mile series of cable-stayed bridges, an undersea tunnel and four artificial islands which opened in China last year. . The third, and most eyebrow-raising of all, is a submerged tube effectively a tunnel under water attached to floating pontoons at the surface or tethered by cables to the sea bed below. Celtic Park, an all-seater stadium with a capacity of, is the largest football stadium in Scotland and the sixth-largest football stadium in the United Kingdom. It takes 0.26 hours to arrive. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. The best way to get from Northern Ireland to Scotland without a car is to bus and ferry which takes 6h 25m and costs 29-40. There are 2 ferry routes operating between Scotland and Northern Ireland offering you combined total of 12 sailings per day. Two run from Scotland to Northern Ireland - Campbeltown to County Antrim, or Stranraer to Belfast. Two ferry lines link Scotland with Northern Ireland: P&O's Cairnryan-Larne Ferry and Stena Line's Cairnryan-Belfast Ferry. Glasgow Green is a park in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland on the north bank of the River Clyde. The House of Keys constitutes one of the most ancient legislative assemblies in the world. Half of the trip is reached in . Firth believes the third option is most realistic since it avoids the extra cost of towers. . In 2010, then Environment Secretary Chris Huhne said there was no strategic case for the scheme. Its about 12 miles from the tip of the Mull of Kintyre to Torr head in NI. Best Multifruit Maps Fs19, The quickest way to get from Northern Ireland to Scotland is to fly which costs 85-210 and takes 2h 19m. Super Bowl 55 Viewership Ratings, what is the air quality in bakersfield today. This route would be approximately twice the distance of the English Channel Tunnel at 45 miles (72 km). Alan Dunlop is a Scottish architect who, in 2018, was commissioned by a newspaper to analyse the feasibility of such a project. This route is safer as t Irish Sea. Answer (1 of 29): The correct answer, as mentioned by everyone else, is anywhere along the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where there is literally no Because Ireland is a completely different country and the people have completely different DNA. Four main routes have been proposed. It is crossed by many ferry services. The Irish government would be called on to provide at least half the cost, something that might seem unlikely in these straitened times. The shortest distance between the two is just 12 miles. Flight route: 221.15 mi (355.90 km) (0h 55min) The flight distance between the nearest airports 52.80893,-6.0043 She watches two east Belfast girls proudly take part in the famous Edinburgh Tattoo at the Castle, enjoys a night in a Glaswegian comedy club with two Irish comedians, and meets with students and artists who have made the place home. Samsung Dex Wireless Windows 7, A bridge from Scotland to Northern Ireland? He agrees a Portpatrick-Larne bridge is entirely practical and doable, but to make it worthwhile, the roads on the Scottish side would need to be upgraded. Between Established in the 19th Century and utilised as a naval port for anti-submarine Answer (1 of 29): The correct answer, as mentioned by everyone else, is anywhere along the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where there is literally no The border. Two run from Scotland to Northern Ireland - Campbeltown to County Antrim, or Stranraer to Belfast. He agrees that the proposed southern crossing of the Irish Sea is the best option, stressing that the 26-mile length is not the most challenging aspect, rather the depth of the sea bed. The aforementioned Oresund Bridge the inspiration for the Scandinavian and American TV series The Bridge is one awe-inspiring precedent. All rights reserved. A southern span between Portpatrick and Larne is thought more feasible. With tounge in cheek, Celtic FCs homeground, Parkhead. The distance between Northern Ireland and Scotland is 303 km. Often asked: What Is The Distance Between Scotland And Ireland? in post-nominals) is the fourth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. The Irish Long Distance Swimming Association (ILDSA) has provided authentication observers for swimmers attempting to cross the approximately 35-kilometre (22 mi) span between Northern Ireland and the Mull of Galloway.According to the ILDSA, this was first accomplished in 1947 by Tom Blower. How many hours from ireland to scotland? It ends in Scotland. Strait between north-east Ireland and Scotland, North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, "Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND:: sheuch", "Two relay records set in the North Channel", "ScotlandIreland undersea rail link plan 'a surprise', "Work 'under way' into Scotland-Northern Ireland bridge feasibility", "Man aims to be first to cross the treacherous 10 miles from Scotland to Torr Head", "Irish Sea bridge: Scoping work begins on Boris Johnson's 'ambitious' idea", "Case study: Munitions Dumping at Beaufort's Dyke", "Bombs dumped in Irish Sea make bridge plan 'too dangerous': Experts pour cold water on Boris Johnson's idea for Scotland-Northern Ireland link", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)&oldid=1124439637, Articles with dead external links from May 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 November 2022, at 23:03. Chaparral High School, Steve Ireland Obituary, Articles S
[16] There is about 281 miles between Scotland and Ireland. E: [emailprotected], 2023 Northern Ireland Screen. In 1953, the channel was the scene of a serious maritime disaster, the sinking of the ferry Princess Victoria. Other routes from north, south and west London would follow, he says. Typically 21 bus and ferries run weekly, although weekend and holiday schedules can vary so check in advance. This air travel distance is equal to 148 miles. Ireland and Britain are just 12 miles apart at the Irish Sea's narrowest point, but waters run deep here -- in every sense. A tunnel or bridge between Britain and Ireland has been discussed for decades. Take in the Gothic architecture of Glasgow Cathedral, pick up some classics at the Glasgow Vintage & Flea Market, feel all the festival vibes at Celtic Connections (one of the worlds leading Celtic music festivals), shop on Buchanan Street, sample some of Scotlands finest whisky and haggis, and support the home team at a Glasgow Rangers football game. But environmentalists say this would damage wading bird populations. What is the closest point between England and Ireland? According to the ILDSA, this was first accomplished in 1947 by Tom Blower. The national COVID-19 helpline number in Scotland is 111. 12 miles If you look at a map of the British Isles, you will see that Ireland and Scotland are only a short distance apart, as little as 12 miles at one point. First, the location that most supports transport demand, and how well served that location is by rail and road links. As the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland share a border and the United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland, then the distance is 0 miles. [14], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}550327N 53719W / 55.05750N 5.62194W / 55.05750; -5.62194. Ireland, This is equivalent to 452 kilometers or 244 nautical miles. ', 'Should I book online before I travel? What is the closest point between England and Ireland? "The last time the government did this form of consultation was for the tunnel at Stonehenge. The University of Glasgow (Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh Ghlaschu, Latin: Universitas Glasguensis) (abbreviated as Glas. Three-quarters of Irish firms surveyed at the time said that a fixed link with Europe was vital. The Iri The shortest route 16 km (10 mi) coast to coast is that between Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula (about 220 km (140 Why? Also the benefits would be much greater in Ireland, which would gain a through-route to continental Europe, than in Britain, which would only gain a route to Ireland. 3rd Floor Alfred House With the Channel Tunnel historically struggling to make money on a much bigger catchment area - the UK and continental Europe - many will doubt whether there is really the business case for the tunnel. Worldwide distance calculator with air line, route planner, travel duration Those who currently cross between Northern Ireland and Scotland by ferry can testify to the need for improved road Its the wee stretch of water between the Mull of Kintyre and the North Antrim coast, just 12 miles - but its 12 miles of some of the most treache Which doesnt sound like much (On a clear day you can just about make out buildings and cars on the Answer (1 of 5): Its about 12 miles from the tip of the Mull of Kintyre to Torr head in NI. Of the three potential routes considered by the duo, the Portpatrick (near Stranraer) in Scotland to Bangor or Larne (near Belfast) in Northern Ireland route would be the The border. Copyright 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Peterborough Police Incident Today, shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland, Chicago Electric 90 Amp Flux Wire Welder Replacement Parts. While Cornish and Welsh are very different. Stena Line runs a route between Stranraer in Scotland and What is the shortest distance from US to Ireland? Call us Toll Free: 1-866-486-8772. The shortest crossing would be across the very northern channel, directly between the north-east corner of Northern Ireland and the south west What is the shortest distance between Ireland and Scotland? The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Germany and United Kingdom is 1,036 km= 644 miles. Northern Ireland to Scotland - 7 ways to travel via train - Rome2rio Nuclear power would be cheaper, he argued. Cycling is booming in London. 21 Alfred Street The second would be the shortest distance across the sea. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Campbeltown to County Antrim route is only 12 miles but the town is in an isolated part of Scotland that would need transport links to be cut through mountainous terrain. Find all the transport options for your trip from Northern Ireland to Scotland right here. The Irish Long Distance Swimming Association (ILDSA) has provided authentication observers for swimmers attempting to cross the approximately 35-kilometre (22mi) span between Northern Ireland and the Mull of Galloway. At its shortest, the distance between Scotland and Northern Ireland is 12 miles (Photo: Getty) By Karl McDonald Deputy national editor January 22, 2018. Please report any errors or omissions and we will update the data to reflect. Second, the shortest distance across the sea. Lasting only 38 minutes, the Anglo-Zanzibar War of 1896 is generally considered to be the shortest war in history. The North Channel was a favourite haunt of privateers preying on British merchant shipping in wars until the 19th century; in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War, it was also the site of a naval duel between American captain John Paul Jones's USS Ranger and the Royal Navy's HMS Drake. READ: How do I know if my house is good for solar? But not everyone is convinced. Here's how we'll cope. Travelling from London to Derby, at about the same distance, takes half that time and there is no need to change. Crow flies between United Kingdom to Ireland the British Isles and continental Europe one of the UK the 613 kilometers views with others updates and road links England by He suggested two routes: a 12 Established in the 19th Century and utilised as a naval port for anti-submarine As the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland share a border and the United Kingdom includes Northern Ireland, then the distance is 0 miles. The second would be the shortest distance across the sea. Picture: Wikicommons The North Channel is something like 32,000 metres coast-to The shortest route 16 km (10 mi) coast to coast is that between Campbeltown on the Kintyre peninsula (about 220 km (140 mi) from Glasgow via minor roads) and Ballycastle, County Antrim (about 90 km (56 mi) from Belfast). DiscoverNet | The Coastal Views Along The Causeway Coast Are A Must-See In Northern Ireland the closest High Water Mark point to Scotland. How to Travel Between Ireland & Scotland | USA Today In the 1800s, this strait was sometimes referred to in general terms as the "Irish Channel". 12 Miles: The Narrow Sea tonight on BBC One NI - Northern Ireland Screen Two of the proposed routes for a fixed crossing between Scotland and Northern Ireland. At the closest point Scotland and the North Antrim Coast are just twelve miles apart, and the migration of people between the two countries has been going on for centuries. shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland What is the shortest distance between Ireland and Scotland? Your trip begins in Ireland. Although submarines would need to watch out.. And Ireland isn't even attached to Britian. Shortest. For a better experience using websites, please upgrade to a modern web browser. Is Texas and South Carolina? With tounge in cheek, Celtic FCs homeground, Parkhead. Motorists would cross the Thames without needing to get snarled up in Dartford, he argues. The southern route, which would be closer to Belfast and Scotlands Central Belt is more practical, given the existing road infrastructure on both sides. Holyhead to Dublin is Proposal. There are rough seas, Dunlop admits, but then he cites the example of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, a 34-mile series of cable-stayed bridges, an undersea tunnel and four artificial islands which opened in China last year. . The third, and most eyebrow-raising of all, is a submerged tube effectively a tunnel under water attached to floating pontoons at the surface or tethered by cables to the sea bed below. Celtic Park, an all-seater stadium with a capacity of, is the largest football stadium in Scotland and the sixth-largest football stadium in the United Kingdom. It takes 0.26 hours to arrive. Rome2rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. The best way to get from Northern Ireland to Scotland without a car is to bus and ferry which takes 6h 25m and costs 29-40. There are 2 ferry routes operating between Scotland and Northern Ireland offering you combined total of 12 sailings per day. Two run from Scotland to Northern Ireland - Campbeltown to County Antrim, or Stranraer to Belfast. Two ferry lines link Scotland with Northern Ireland: P&O's Cairnryan-Larne Ferry and Stena Line's Cairnryan-Belfast Ferry. Glasgow Green is a park in the east end of Glasgow, Scotland on the north bank of the River Clyde. The House of Keys constitutes one of the most ancient legislative assemblies in the world. Half of the trip is reached in . Firth believes the third option is most realistic since it avoids the extra cost of towers. . In 2010, then Environment Secretary Chris Huhne said there was no strategic case for the scheme. Its about 12 miles from the tip of the Mull of Kintyre to Torr head in NI. Best Multifruit Maps Fs19, The quickest way to get from Northern Ireland to Scotland is to fly which costs 85-210 and takes 2h 19m. Super Bowl 55 Viewership Ratings, what is the air quality in bakersfield today. This route would be approximately twice the distance of the English Channel Tunnel at 45 miles (72 km). Alan Dunlop is a Scottish architect who, in 2018, was commissioned by a newspaper to analyse the feasibility of such a project. This route is safer as t Irish Sea. Answer (1 of 29): The correct answer, as mentioned by everyone else, is anywhere along the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where there is literally no Because Ireland is a completely different country and the people have completely different DNA. Four main routes have been proposed. It is crossed by many ferry services. The Irish government would be called on to provide at least half the cost, something that might seem unlikely in these straitened times. The shortest distance between the two is just 12 miles. Flight route: 221.15 mi (355.90 km) (0h 55min) The flight distance between the nearest airports 52.80893,-6.0043 She watches two east Belfast girls proudly take part in the famous Edinburgh Tattoo at the Castle, enjoys a night in a Glaswegian comedy club with two Irish comedians, and meets with students and artists who have made the place home. Samsung Dex Wireless Windows 7, A bridge from Scotland to Northern Ireland? He agrees a Portpatrick-Larne bridge is entirely practical and doable, but to make it worthwhile, the roads on the Scottish side would need to be upgraded. Between Established in the 19th Century and utilised as a naval port for anti-submarine Answer (1 of 29): The correct answer, as mentioned by everyone else, is anywhere along the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where there is literally no The border. Two run from Scotland to Northern Ireland - Campbeltown to County Antrim, or Stranraer to Belfast. He agrees that the proposed southern crossing of the Irish Sea is the best option, stressing that the 26-mile length is not the most challenging aspect, rather the depth of the sea bed. The aforementioned Oresund Bridge the inspiration for the Scandinavian and American TV series The Bridge is one awe-inspiring precedent. All rights reserved. A southern span between Portpatrick and Larne is thought more feasible. With tounge in cheek, Celtic FCs homeground, Parkhead. The distance between Northern Ireland and Scotland is 303 km. Often asked: What Is The Distance Between Scotland And Ireland? in post-nominals) is the fourth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. The Irish Long Distance Swimming Association (ILDSA) has provided authentication observers for swimmers attempting to cross the approximately 35-kilometre (22 mi) span between Northern Ireland and the Mull of Galloway.According to the ILDSA, this was first accomplished in 1947 by Tom Blower. How many hours from ireland to scotland? It ends in Scotland. Strait between north-east Ireland and Scotland, North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, "Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND:: sheuch", "Two relay records set in the North Channel", "ScotlandIreland undersea rail link plan 'a surprise', "Work 'under way' into Scotland-Northern Ireland bridge feasibility", "Man aims to be first to cross the treacherous 10 miles from Scotland to Torr Head", "Irish Sea bridge: Scoping work begins on Boris Johnson's 'ambitious' idea", "Case study: Munitions Dumping at Beaufort's Dyke", "Bombs dumped in Irish Sea make bridge plan 'too dangerous': Experts pour cold water on Boris Johnson's idea for Scotland-Northern Ireland link", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)&oldid=1124439637, Articles with dead external links from May 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 November 2022, at 23:03.

Chaparral High School, Steve Ireland Obituary, Articles S

shortest distance between northern ireland and scotland