Deaerator working principle, Types and Process Control, Control Valve working, Components & Types. At lower temperatures, the reduction takes place indirectly with the help of the carbon monoxide gas formed during combustion (indirect reduction). The Blast furnace use approximately 1 Coal every 15 seconds as fuel. The carbon dioxide gas (\(CO_2\)) reacts with the carbon contained in the coke (\(C\)) due to the very high temperatures and forms the carbon monoxide gas (\(CO\)) as the reducing agent: \begin{align} Column of ore, coke and limestone 9. In the past, static calculation based on black-box principles were used to predetennine some fundamental set points with limited feed-back from the process. The result from both is liquid iron, which is then transported to the basic oxygen furnace. The unmelted iron ores still contain non-reduced iron oxides. When the liquid pig iron solidifies, the silicon content in particular determines whether the dissolved carbon precipitates in its pure form as graphite (\(C\)) in the microstructure or as iron carbide (\(Fe_3C\), cementite). In this region, the so-called indirect reduction of iron ores to iron by carbon monoxide takes place. The heat required for this is provided by the (exothermic) combustion of the coke. \label{kohlenmonoxid} Evolution of Blast Furnace Iron Making The origin of the first smelting of iron is concealed in the unrecorded history of human civilization. By absorbing the carbon, the solidification point of the iron is reduced from 1536 °C to approx. Depending on the temperature, the air can absorb a certain amount of water. More than 90 % of the pig iron is beeing tapped as white pig iron (“steel pig iron”) and processed in liquid form in ironworks to the actual steel by special after-treatment processes. They will give less experience to the player when they collect the smelted item. Due to the higher density of the pig iron, the pig iron can be cut off at the lowest point of the blast furnace (called tapping). This requires an element that binds oxygen more strongly than iron. Feed of ore, limestone, and coke 7. The figure above shows the ratio between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at the corresponding equilibrium states at different temperatures. Melting zone ( bosh) 3. More information about this in the privacy policy. At this temperature, the filled charge are first dried and preheated. The method used in blast furnaces have been used since the 1500's. & also pre heated air blast / O 2. With a relatively low silicon content, on the other hand, cementite precipitation is preferred when the pig iron solidifies. are also contained in small quantities in the pig iron. Blast furnace process complexity in combination with growing demand on effectivity and reducing environmental impact has necessitated a change in process control strategy. If you continue to use this website, we will assume your consent and we will only use personalized ads that may be of interest to you. Collect the bars from the bar dispenser. \end{align}. With metastable solidification, the iron carbide compound cementite is formed (white pig iron)! 1600 °C. Due to the graphite in the stable solidified microstructure, the fracture surface of the pig iron appears matt-grey. The indirect reduction can be divided into several intermediate reactions, whereby the iron content in the ores continuously increases and ultimately pure iron is produced. FeO &~+~ C &&\rightarrow~ Fe &&+ ~CO ~~~~~~ \text{(wüstite} \rightarrow \text{iron)} \\[5px] This combustion is very strongly exothermic, i.e. Hot blast ("wind") from Cowper stoves 2. In the same way, there is also a temperature-dependent equilibrium between the reaction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and the corresponding reverse reaction of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. In blast furnace the process is process19 and for blast furnace processes20--22.

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